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Statin Treatment and Mortality in Bacterial Infections – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Linda Bj？rkhem-Bergman,Peter Bergman,Jan Andersson,Jonatan D. Lindh
PLOS ONE , 2012, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010702

Abstract: Several studies have reported improved survival in severe bacterial infections among statin treated patients. In addition, statins have been ascribed beneficial anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of statin-treatment on mortality in patients with bacterial infections, by means of a systematic review and a meta-analysis.

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Minim Typing – A Rapid and Low Cost MLST Based Typing Tool for Klebsiella pneumoniae
Patiyan Andersson,Steven Y. C. Tong,Jan M. Bell,John D. Turnidge,Philip M. Giffard
PLOS ONE , 2012, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033530

Abstract: Here we report a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based genotyping method for Klebsiella pneumoniae utilising high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis of fragments within the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) loci. The approach is termed mini-MLST or Minim typing and it has previously been applied to Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium. Six SNPs were derived from concatenated MLST sequences on the basis of maximisation of the Simpsons Index of Diversity (D). DNA fragments incorporating these SNPs and predicted to be suitable for HRM analysis were designed. Using the assumption that HRM alleles are defined by G+C content, Minim typing using six fragments was predicted to provide a D = 0.979 against known STs. The method was tested against 202 K. pneumoniae using a blinded approach in which the MLST analyses were performed after the HRM analyses. The HRM-based alleles were indeed in accordance with G+C content, and the Minim typing identified known STs and flagged new STs. The tonB MLST locus was determined to be very diverse, and the two Minim fragments located herein contribute greatly to the resolving power. However these fragments are refractory to amplification in a minority of isolates. Therefore, we assessed the performance of two additional formats: one using only the four fragments located outside the tonB gene (D = 0.929), and the other using HRM data from these four fragments in conjunction with sequencing of the tonB MLST fragment (D = 0.995). The HRM assays were developed on the Rotorgene 6000, and the method was shown to also be robust on the LightCycler 480, allowing a 384-well high through-put format. The assay provides rapid, robust and low-cost typing with fully portable results that can directly be related to current MLST data. Minim typing in combination with molecular screening for antibiotic resistance markers can be a powerful surveillance tool kit.

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The area of horizons and the trapped region
Lars Andersson,Jan Metzger
Mathematics , 2007, DOI: 10.1007/s00220-008-0723-y

Abstract: This paper considers some fundamental questions concerning marginally trapped surfaces, or apparent horizons, in Cauchy data sets for the Einstein equation. An area estimate for outermost marginally trapped surfaces is proved. The proof makes use of an existence result for marginal surfaces, in the presence of barriers, curvature estimates, together with a novel surgery construction for marginal surfaces. These results are applied to characterize the boundary of the trapped region.

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On the number of plane partitions and non isomorphic subgroup towers of abelian groups
Johan Andersson,Jan Snellman
Mathematics , 2006,

Abstract: We study the number of $k \times r$ plane partitions, weighted on the sum of the first row. Using Erhart reciprocity, we prove an identity for the generating function. For the special case $k=1$ this result follows from the classical theory of partitions, and for $k=2$ it was proved in Andersson-Bhowmik with another method. We give an explicit formula in terms of Young tableaux, and study the corresponding zeta-function. We give an application on the average orders of towers of abelian groups. In particular we prove that the number of isomorphism classes of ``subgroups of subgroups of ... ($k-1$ times) ... of abelian groups'' of order at most $N$ is asymptotic to $c_k N (\log N)^{k-1}$. This generalises results from Erd{\H o}s-Szekeres and Andersson-Bhowmik where the corresponding result was proved for $k=1$ and $k=2$.

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Curvature estimates for stable marginally trapped surfaces
Lars Andersson,Jan Metzger
Mathematics , 2005,

Abstract: We derive integral and sup-estimates for the curvature of stably marginally outer trapped surfaces in a sliced space-time. The estimates bound the shear of a marginally outer trapped surface in terms of the intrinsic and extrinsic curvature of a slice containing the surface. These estimates are well adapted to situations of physical insterest, such as dynamical horizons.

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Stability estimates with a priori bound for the inverse local Radon transform
Joel Andersson,Jan Boman
Mathematics , 2014,

Abstract: We consider the inverse problem for the $2$-dimensional weighted local Radon transform $R_m[f]$, where $f$ is supported in $y\geq x^2$ and $R_m[f](\xi,\eta)=\int f(x, \xi x + \eta) m(\xi, \eta, x)\,\text{d} x$ is defined near $(\xi,\eta)=(0,0)$. For weight functions satisfying a certain differential equation we give weak estimates of $f$ in terms of $R_m[f]$ for functions $f$ that satisfies an a priori bound.

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Synthesis and evaluation of 2-chloro N-[(S)-{(S)-1-[11？C]methylpiperidin-2-yl} (phenyl)methyl]3-trifluoromethyl-benzamide ([11？C]N-methyl-SSR504734) as a PET radioligand for glycine transporter 1
Takeshi Fuchigami, Akihiro Takano, Balázs Gulyás, Zhisheng Jia, Sjoerd J Finnema, Jan D Andersson, Ryuji Nakao, Yasuhiro Magata, Mamoru Haratake, Morio Nakayama, Christer Halldin
EJNMMI Research , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-2-37

Abstract: [11？C]N-methyl-SSR504734 was synthesized by N-[11？C]methylation of SSR504734 via [11？C]CH3OTf. In vitro brain distribution of [11？C]N-methyl-SSR504734 was tested in whole-hemisphere autoradiography (ARG) on human brain slices. Initial PET studies were performed using a cynomolgus monkey at baseline and after pretreatment with 0.1 to 1.5？mg/kg of SSR504734. Then, PET studies using rhesus monkeys were performed with arterial blood sampling at baseline and after pretreatment with 1.5 to 4.5？mg/kg SSR504734. Distribution volumes (VT) were calculated with a two-tissue compartment model, and GlyT1 occupancy by SSR504734 was estimated using a Lassen plot approach.[11？C]N-methyl-SSR504734 was successfully synthesized in moderate radiochemical yield and high specific radioactivity. In the ARG experiments, [11？C]N-methyl-SSR504734 showed specific binding in the white matter and pons. In the initial PET experiments in a cynomolgus monkey, [11？C]N-methyl-SSR504734 showed high brain uptake and consistent distribution with previously reported GlyT1 expression in vivo (thalamus, brainstem？>？cerebellum？>？cortical regions). However, the brain uptake increased after pretreatment with SSR504734. Further PET studies in rhesus monkeys showed a similar increase of brain uptake after pretreatment with SSR504734. However, the VT of [11？C]N-methyl-SSR504734 was found to decrease after pretreatment of SSR504734 in a dose-dependent manner. GlyT1 occupancy was calculated to be 45% and 73% at 1.5 and 4.5？mg/kg of SSR504734, respectively.[11？C]N-methyl-SSR504734 is demonstrated to be a promising PET radioligand for GlyT1 in nonhuman primates. The present results warrant further PET studies in human subjects.Glycine is a neurotransmitter of the inhibitory glycine receptors (GlyRs) but also serves as an essential co-agonist of the excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors [1,2]. It is known that the extracellular glycine concentration is modulated by two glycine transporters (GlyT1 and GlyT

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Vitamin D3 supplementation in patients with frequent respiratory tract infections: a randomised and double-blind intervention study
Anna-Carin Norlin,Birgitta Agerberth,Jan Andersson,Jonatan D Lindh,Lena Ekstr？m,Linda Bj？rkhem-Bergman,Peter Bergman,Rokeya Sultana Rekha,Susanne Hansen
- , 2012, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001663

Abstract: Background Low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 are associated with an increased risk of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Clinical trials with vitamin D3 against various infections have been carried out but data are so far not conclusive. Thus, there is a need for additional randomised controlled trials of effects of vitamin D3 on infections. Objective To investigate if supplementation with vitamin D3 could reduce infectious symptoms and antibiotic consumption among patients with antibody deficiency or frequent RTIs. Design A double-blind randomised controlled trial. Setting Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge. Participants 140 patients with antibody deficiency (selective IgA subclass deficiency, IgG subclass deficiency, common variable immune disorder) and patients with increased susceptibility to RTIs (>4 bacterial RTIs/year) but without immunological diagnosis. Intervention Vitamin D3 (4000？IU) or placebo was given daily for 1？year. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary endpoint was an infectious score based on five parameters: symptoms from respiratory tract, ears and sinuses, malaise and antibiotic consumption. Secondary endpoints were serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, microbiological findings and levels of antimicrobial peptides (LL-37, HNP1–3) in nasal fluid. Results The overall infectious score was significantly reduced for patients allocated to the vitamin D group (202 points) compared with the placebo group (249 points; adjusted relative score 0.771, 95% CI 0.604 to 0.985, p=0.04). Limitations A single study centre, small sample size and a selected group of patients. The sample size calculation was performed using p=0.02 as the significance level whereas the primary and secondary endpoints were analysed using the conventional p=0.05 as the significance level. Conclusions Supplementation with vitamin D3 may reduce disease burden in patients with frequent RTIs

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Evolution of glutamate dehydrogenase genes: evidence for lateral gene transfer within and between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Jan O Andersson, Andrew J Roger
BMC Evolutionary Biology , 2003, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-3-14

Abstract: We extend the taxon sampling of gdh genes with nine new eukaryotic sequences and examine the phylogenetic distribution pattern of the various GDH classes in combination with maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses. The distribution pattern analyses indicate that LGT has played a significant role in the evolution of the four gdh gene families. Indeed, a number of gene transfer events are identified by phylogenetic analyses, including numerous prokaryotic intra-domain transfers, some prokaryotic inter-domain transfers and several inter-domain transfers between prokaryotes and microbial eukaryotes (protists).LGT has apparently affected eukaryotes and prokaryotes to a similar extent within the gdh gene families. In the absence of indications that the evolution of the gdh gene families is radically different from other families, these results suggest that gene transfer might be an important evolutionary mechanism in microbial eukaryote genome evolution.Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is a significant evolutionary mechanism in prokaryotic genome evolution. Indeed, it may be the most important mechanism for evolutionary innovation in Eubacteria and Archaea [1,2]. However, gene transfer events do not necessarily produce novel functions in recipient lineages; many documented gene transfers are replacements of genes by homologs or analogs with the same function [3,4]. The occurrence of LGT has been far less studied in eukaryotes than prokaryotes, partly because of the lack of complete genome sequences available from diverse eukaryotes. Nevertheless, several individual cases of gene transfer between prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been published [for example: [5-8]]. We recently presented an analysis which showed a number of transfers involving eukaryotes, mostly in the prokaryote-to-eukaryote direction, but also between different eukaryotic lineages [9]. Collectively, these examples indicate that LGT does affect protists, although the quantitative importance of the process in eu

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